Approximately what percentage of the energy deposited in the target by electrons is converted to x-rays?

The conversion of energy deposited in a target by electrons into x-rays primarily depends on the efficiency of the interaction process known as bremsstrahlung radiation, which is a predominant mechanism in x-ray production. In typical radiographic applications, it is established that only a small fraction of the kinetic energy of the electrons striking the target is transformed into x-ray photons. In fact, generally, around 1% of the energy deposited is estimated to be converted into useful x-ray radiation for imaging purposes.

The figure of 99% would suggest that nearly all of the energy deposited by the electrons is converted into x-rays, which contradicts established physical principles and empirical measurements. The correct percentage tends to be much lower, reflecting losses due to heat, scatter, and other forms of radiation. Thus, while x-ray production is a crucial function of the electron interaction with the target material, the vast majority of the energy is not converted into x-ray photons.