Regarding irradiation of fertile females, which statements are true?

The assertion that ovarian cells may be affected prior to fertilization is an important consideration in the context of radiation exposure. Ovarian cells, which are responsible for producing eggs, can undergo changes due to irradiation before the fertilization process. This exposure can potentially lead to genetic mutations or other detrimental effects that could affect reproductive health or the development of any future offspring.

Furthermore, the option indicating that embryos may be affected anytime after fertilization highlights that the risks associated with radiation are not limited to the pre-fertilization stage. The embryonic stage is particularly vulnerable to environmental factors, including radiation, which can lead to various developmental issues or even pregnancy complications.

When considering the notion that therapeutic abortion is recommended after a certain level of embryo/fetus exposure, it's crucial to recognize that the threshold and the context surrounding abortion recommendations vary based on many factors, including the policies of different health organizations, which may not universally endorse the same exposure levels as grounds for abortion.

Therefore, the combination of the first two statements captures the breadth of the potential impacts of radiation exposure on both ovarian cells and embryos, making that comprehensive understanding essential when discussing irradiation effects on fertile females.