What occurs as the target angle in the line-focus principle decreases?

In the context of the line-focus principle, as the target angle decreases, the effective focal spot size becomes smaller while the actual focal spot size remains larger. This configuration allows for a sharper image, which is beneficial for diagnostic radiography. However, a smaller target angle leads to higher anode heating because a smaller area of the anode is exposed to the electron beam, concentrating the heat generated by the interaction between the electrons and the anode material.

Higher anode heating can result in increased wear and tear of the x-ray tube, leading to potential operational issues or even equipment failure if the tube is not managed properly. It is important to consider the thermal limits of the x-ray tube and ensure that adequate cooling and exposure times are managed effectively to prevent excessive heating.

The other options do not align with the primary effects of decreasing the target angle. For example, increased scatter is more associated with the geometry of the beam rather than the target angle itself, increased patient dose does not directly correlate with this angle's decrease, and a larger effective focal spot contradicts the objective of decreasing the target angle.