Which device is typically used to measure radiation exposure in the environment?

The Geiger-Muller counter is specifically designed to detect and measure ionizing radiation in the environment. This device operates by counting the number of radiation particles that interact with its sensing element, which produces a signal indicating the presence and intensity of radiation. It is widely used for environmental monitoring because it provides real-time readings of radiation levels and can indicate the presence of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation.

In contrast, a dosimeter is primarily used to measure the dose of radiation that an individual has been exposed to over time, typically for personal monitoring rather than environmental assessment. A photometer measures light intensity rather than radiation exposure, and a spectrometer analyzes the spectral composition of radiation, focusing on the energy levels of the emitted or detected radiation rather than its intensity. Therefore, when assessing environmental radiation, the Geiger-Muller counter is the most appropriate and effective choice.