Which of the following are conditions that may result in grid cutoff?

Grid cutoff occurs when there is an abnormal loss of radiation reaching the image receptor due to the misalignment or inappropriate positioning of a grid used in radiographic imaging. Each mentioned condition can contribute to this phenomenon.

Firstly, when the grid is improperly positioned—not parallel to the x-ray beam or the patient—it can lead to a situation where some rays are absorbed by the grid that should have hit the film, resulting in areas of reduced exposure, or grid cutoff.

Secondly, the type of grid used during the radiographic procedure also plays a significant role. Grids are designed to absorb scattered radiation while allowing primary radiation to pass. If a grid is not suitable for the specific angles or distances involved in a particular exam, it may not function as intended, increasing the risk of grid cutoff.

Thirdly, if the x-ray tube is angled incorrectly in relation to the grid, it can also lead to a cutoff. Specifically, if the angle is outside the limits that the grid can handle, it can compromise the effectiveness of the grid, further contributing to the issue.

These factors demonstrate that all listed conditions can lead to grid cutoff, making the selection of all three conditions the correct understanding of how grid cutoff may occur in practice.