Which of the following are recommended methods for reducing radiation dose to the breasts during scoliosis examinations?

The recommended method for reducing radiation dose to the breasts during scoliosis examinations includes the use of the PA position (posteroanterior position) and breast shields. The PA position minimizes the amount of radiation that reaches the breasts because in this orientation, the source of radiation is directed from the back of the patient to the front, thereby putting the breasts further away from the radiation source compared to the AP (anteroposterior) position.

Additionally, using breast shields provides an extra layer of protection for the breast tissue during the radiographic examination. These shields are specifically designed to absorb some of the radiation that would otherwise expose breast tissue, effectively reducing the overall dose to that sensitive area.

While other combinations such as using breast shields with lateral positions can also be effective, the PA position combined with the use of specific protective shields is a standard recommendation due to its effectiveness in minimizing radiation exposure. Therefore, correctly identifying the benefit of both the PA position and breast shields together is essential for the safety of patients undergoing these examinations.