Which of the following factors influence the amount of image distortion?

The factors that influence the amount of image distortion in radiography include the distance from the central ray, the object-to-image distance, and the shape of the object being imaged. Each of these factors plays a crucial role in how accurately an image depicts the object.

The distance from the central ray is significant because it affects the geometric projection of the object. As this distance increases, the distortion can become more pronounced due to the divergence of the x-ray beam.

The object-to-image distance, or object-film distance (OFD), also impacts distortion. A greater distance can lead to a more magnified image, which might introduce or increase distortion due to varying levels of radiation exposure across different parts of the image.

Additionally, the shape of the object can inherently affect how the image appears. Irregularly shaped objects may project various shadow shapes on the imaging receptor, leading to distortions that do not accurately represent the true morphology of the object.

Therefore, since all these factors are interrelated and contribute to the overall distortion seen in radiographic images, the correct answer encompasses all of them.