Which of the following is considered a genetic effect of ionizing radiation?

The genetic effect of ionizing radiation specifically refers to changes or mutations that can occur in the DNA of germ cells, which can then be passed on to future generations. This makes anomalies in a patient's children a clear example of how exposure to ionizing radiation can have effects that manifest in offspring. Genetic effects do not manifest in the exposed individual but instead can appear in their descendants due to alterations in reproductive cells.

In contrast, injury to the developing embryo and fetus are examples of somatic effects, which affect the individual who has been exposed to radiation rather than future generations. Shortened life-span also pertains to the individual receiving the radiation, representing potential somatic damage rather than genetic implications. Understanding the distinction between genetic and somatic effects is crucial for assessing the implications of ionizing radiation exposure.